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Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia
Henry Raspe ((ドイツ語:Heinrich Raspe)) (1204 – 16 February 1247) succeeded his nephew Hermann II as Landgrave of Thuringia in central Germany in 1241; he later was elected anti-king in 1246–1247 in opposition to Conrad IV of Germany.
==Biography==
In 1226, Henry's brother Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, died en route to the Sixth Crusade,〔''The Crusade of Frederick II'', Thomas C. Van Cleve, A History of the Crusades, Vol. II, ed. Robert Lee Wolff and Harry W. Hazard, (The University of Wisconsin Press, 1969), 446.〕 and Henry became regent for his under-age nephew Hermann II, Landgrave of Thuringia. He managed to expel his nephew and the boy's young mother, St. Elisabeth of Hungary, from the line of succession and ca. 1231 formally succeeded his brother as landgrave.
In 1242 Henry, together with King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, was selected by Emperor Frederick II to be administrator of Germany for Frederick's under-age son Conrad.
After the papal ban on Frederick imposed by Pope Innocent IV in 1245, Raspe changed sides, and on 22 May 1246 he was elected anti-king in opposition to Conrad.〔Eugene L. Cox, ''The Eagles of Savoy'', ( Princeton University Press, 1974), 180.〕 The strong papal prodding that led to his election earned Raspe the derogatory moniker of "''Pfaffenkönig''" (priests' king).〔William Stubbs, ''Germany in the Later Middle Ages, 1200-1500'', (Longmans, Green and Co., 1908), 36.〕 Henry defeated Conrad in the Battle of Nidda in southern Hesse in August 1246, and laid siege to Ulm and Reutlingen.〔''Germany:Narrative (1125-1250)'', Julia Knodler, ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology'', Vol. 1, (Oxford University Press, 2010), 184.〕 Having suffered a mortal wound, he died February 1247 in Wartburg Castle near Eisenach in Thuringia.〔
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